英语虚拟语气用法总结（锦集16篇）
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英语虚拟语气用法总结（锦集16篇）
以下是小编为大家准备的英语虚拟语气用法总结，本文共16篇，希望对大家有帮助。
篇1：as if虚拟语气用法总结
从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would／could／might＋动词原形”。
例句：
Her head felt as if it would burst.
她觉得头要爆裂了。
He made as if to speak.
他似乎要说点什么。
I don't feel as if I belong here.
我在这里感觉格格不入。
I felt as if my heart had stopped.
我觉得好像我的心都不跳了。
I can remember our wedding as if it were yesterday.
我们的婚礼我记忆犹新，就像昨天一样。
篇2：as if虚拟语气用法总结
例句：
Her head felt as if it would burst.
她觉得头要爆裂了。
He suddenly appeared as if by magic.
他突然神奇地出现了。
Anne shrugged, as if she didn't know.
安妮耸了耸肩，好像她不知道。
篇3：英语虚拟语气的用法
一.什么是虚拟语气
虚拟语气主要用来表示假设，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。
二.虚拟语气的用法有哪些
一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形
1.表示祝愿
a. Long live our country.
2.表示命令
a. Everybody leave the room.
二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式
3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形
三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:
1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首
2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望
3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间
4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句
四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:
1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式
a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.
b. She looked as if she were ill.
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式
a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.
五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:
在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同
a. Even if I were rich, I would work.
六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:
如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况
七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:
1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气
①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望
③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变
2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式
篇4：if的虚拟语气用法总结
具体用法：
1.(表示条件)如果 ,主句用将来时,if从句用现在时表示将来
He will come if you invite him.
如果你请他,他会来的.
2.(表示虚拟)假如,要是
时态：可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况.它的基本特点是时态退后.
a.同现在事实相反的假设.
句型 ：条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here,they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设.
句型：条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder,she would have succeeded.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型：条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded,everything would be all right.
3.是否 = whether 连接宾语从句
I wonder if she is ill.
不知她是否病了.
篇5：考研英语虚拟语气三种用法
考研英语虚拟语气三种用法
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气， 表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
下面，英语考研辅导专家们就为广大的的考生们详细地分析一下虚拟语气的三种用法，以供大家参考。
一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外，还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中，一般称为虚拟条件句。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式，即现在、过去和将来。
If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and
gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values, education,
and class。( TEXT1)
这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。If it did是条件状语从句。主句中主语是it；谓语动词有两个，分别是would open up.。.和look for...。
这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用would+动词原形open up和look for。
参考译文：如果它能注意这个问题的话，它就会拓展其雇员多样化项目，而目前的项目只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，去雇佣那些在世界观、价值观、教育背景及社会阶层方面各不相同的记者。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外，还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从中。
第一， 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
当it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj。这样的句型中，当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable，critical，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative，important，
incredible，inevitable，necessary，recommend，strange，urgent等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略)；如果是过去时，则用should/would + have done的形式。
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew
richer. Just as inevitably，the retreat from predominance proved painful。
这是一个含有主语从句的复合句。句首的It是形式主语，真正主语是that从句，该主语从句使用了虚拟语气should+完成时。( TEXT1)参考译文：随着其他国家日益富裕，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。惟其不可避免，从优势地位上退出愈发痛苦不堪。
第二， 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等主观意向的词(如：suggest、advise、assume、decide、demand、desire、insist、propose、order、recommend、require、suggest……)，引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。虚拟语气中的格式很固定：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响。Theories concerning on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal
behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that
they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others。( CLOSE)
此句是个含有一个宾语从句、两个原因状语从句的复合句。suggest是主句谓语，Suggest后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词engage in前面省略了should。
参考译文：关于个体研究的理论认为，孩子们从事犯罪活动是因为以前他们做错事情时对他们的惩罚力度不够，或是因为他们通过与其他人的交往学会了犯罪。
第三， 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的运用
名词advice、assumption、decision、demand、desire、insistence、order、proposal、requirement、recommendation、suggestion……后面若有同位语从句，从句的谓语动词也应使用虚拟语气的形式。
Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that
other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ( TEXT1)
这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的.谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
第四，虚拟语气在表语从句中的运用
与同位语从句一样，若主语是某些特定动词的同根名词(参考上一部分同位语从句)，要在它后面的表语从句要用虚拟式。
Another decision is whether the school should be one of the vast majority financed
by the State or one of the very small but influential minority of private schools，
though this choice is，of course，only available to the small number of those who
can pay. (英语专业四级考试Text D)
这是个含有表语从句的复合句。主语是another decision；谓语是is；whether……or……是表语从句，其中谓语动词由should＋动词原形be构成。参考译文：另一个要做出的决定是：应该选择一所占绝大多数的国立学校呢，还是选择一所数量虽小却有影响力的私立学校呢，当然，只有少数有支付能力的人才有这种选择的权利。
总之，虚拟语气是考研英语中的重要考点，频繁地出现在历年真题中。所以，考研辅导专家们温馨提示，20的考生在平时备考中一定要认真复习，理解它在不同语境中的用法。
。篇6：would rather虚拟语气用法总结
would rather的.近义词：as soon.
as soon.
释义：宁愿。
语法：指未发生的动作。时态规律是“主将从现”，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
例句：
As soon as we found this out, we closed the ward.
我们一发现此事就关闭了病房。
篇7：without虚拟语气的用法总结
without作表语的用法
without引出的'介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语.如：
She is completely without shame.她恬不知耻.
My investigations were without result.我的调查毫无结果.
without后接复合宾语的用法
without后接复合宾语的常用结构如下：
1.without+宾语+介词短语
We'd be better off without them as neighbors.要是没有这些邻居,我们就过得更愉快了.
I don't like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.我不喜欢加糖的咖啡,里边不加糖我更喜欢.
2.without+宾语+副词
I'd be lost without you here.没有你在这儿,我会一筹莫展.
I'm very near-sighted without my glasses on.我要是不戴眼镜十分近视.
3.without+宾语+动名词
Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.无人注意,他从窗户溜了出去.
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.他们争论了几个小时,也没作出决定.
4.without+宾语+过去分词
Without another word exchanged,they started off.没有再交谈一句,他们就出发了.
5.without+宾语+不定式
Without anyone to help,how can we go on?没有人帮忙,我们怎么能进行下去?
It was boring to sit there without anything to do.无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了.
篇8：考研英语虚拟语气三种不同用法
考研英语虚拟语气三种不同用法
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气， 表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
下面，专家们就为广大的的考生们详细地分析一下虚拟语气的三种用法，以供大家参考。
一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外，还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中，一般称为虚拟条件句。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式，即现在、过去和将来。
If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and
gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values, education,
and class。( TEXT1)
这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。If it did是条件状语从句。主句中主语是it；谓语动词有两个，分别是would open up.。.和look for...。
这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用would+动词原形open up和look for。
参考译文：如果它能注意这个问题的话，它就会拓展其雇员多样化项目，而目前的项目只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，去雇佣那些在世界观、价值观、教育背景及社会阶层方面各不相同的记者。
二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
虚拟语气除了用作状语从句中外，还可以用作主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等名词性从中。
第一， 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
当it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj。这样的句型中，当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable，critical，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative，important，
incredible，inevitable，necessary，recommend，strange，urgent等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略)；如果是过去时，则用should/would + have done的形式。
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew
richer. Just as inevitably，the retreat from predominance proved painful。
这是一个含有主语从句的'复合句。句首的It是形式主语，真正主语是that从句，该主语从句使用了虚拟语气should+完成时。( TEXT1)参考译文：随着其他国家日益富裕，美国的这一优势地位逐渐下降是不可避免的。惟其不可避免，从优势地位上退出愈发痛苦不堪。
第二， 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等主观意向的词(如：suggest、advise、assume、decide、demand、desire、insist、propose、order、recommend、require、suggest……)，引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。虚拟语气中的格式很固定：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。注意这种句型中的虚拟语气形式不受主句动词时态的影响。Theories concerning on the individual suggest t
篇9：高中英语虚拟语气的用法
一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法是其最基本的用法，也是高考最可能涉题的用法。为了便于理解和记忆，我们虚拟语气在虚拟条件从中的用法分为三类--涉及现在时间的虚拟条件，涉及过去时间的虚拟条件，涉及将来时间的虚拟条件。下面就是这三类基本句型的谓语动词形式：
时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
将来 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形
现在 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/might/could+动词原形
过去 过去完成时 would/should/might/could have+过去分词
【有关考题】（答案分别为CBD）
(1) If he _______ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. (湖南卷)
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
(1) If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010陕西卷)
A. taken B. had taken C. took D. have taken
(1) -John went to the hospital alone.
-If he _______ me about it, I would have gone with him. (2010天津卷)
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
二、考查特殊句型中的虚拟语气
英语中需要使用虚拟语气的特殊句型不多，主要有以下类：
1. “倒装”类虚拟语气
当虚拟条件句中含有were, should, had时，有时可将引导虚拟条件句的连词if省略，而将从句中的were, should, had 提到句首，构成倒装形式的虚拟语气。如：
If he were here, she would agree too. →Were she here, she would agree too. 如果她在这里，她也同意的。
If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. →Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match. 假若明天下雨，我们只好推迟这场比赛。
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。
注意，如果条件从句的谓语为否定式，其中的否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。如：我如不是警告了你，你就可能丧命了。
正：If I hadn’t warned you, you could have been killed. 正：Had I not warned you, you could have been killed.
误：Hadn’t I warned you, you could have been killed. 另外，有时省略if后提前到句首的had可能不是助动词，而是实义动词。如：Had I time, I would go with you. 假如我有时间，我就同你们一起去。句中的had不是构成过去完成时的助动词，而是表示“有”，如果不省略if，其完整形式为：If I had time, I would go with you.
【有关考题】（答案分别为AB）
(1) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _______. (2010浙江卷)
A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved
(1) _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (湖北卷)
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
3. “宁愿”类虚拟语气
这里说的“宁愿”主要是指would rather。当它后接句子的时候，句子的谓语通常要用虚拟语气，其用法及结构形式为：若从句内容是涉及的是对现在或将来情况的希望，则从句谓语用一般过去时；若从句内容是涉及的是对过去已发生情况表示遗憾或后悔，则从句谓语用过去完成时。如：
I’d rather you went home now. 我希望你现在就回家。
Tomorrow’s difficult. I’d rather yon came next weekend. 明天有困难，我希望你下周末来。
I’d rather I had gone to the theatre last night. 我倒希望我昨晚我去了剧院看戏。(zn)
【有关考题】（答案为B）
George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _______ more on its culture. (2010江苏卷)
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
4. “建议”类虚拟语气
但是，若suggest表示“暗示”“表明”“指出”“提出(看法)”等，则从句谓语要用陈述语气。如：
His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表明他是满意的。
【有关考题】（答案为A）
Teachers recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建卷)
A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow
【有关考题】（答案为C）
The workers will go on strike if the demands they _______ put forward are turned down. (2006福建卷)
A. could B. would C. 不填 D. had
答案为C。
7. “坚持”类虚拟语气
这类虚拟语气主要指动词insist后接宾语从句时所用的虚拟语气--若从句内容是既成的事实，不容置疑，则从句谓语用陈述语气，此时insist的意思是“坚持说”；若从句内容虽然还不是事实，但非常希望它成为事实，从句谓语用虚拟语气，即采用“should+动词原形”的形式，且其中的should在美国英语中可以省略，此时insist的意思是“坚持要”。比较并体会：
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he should take the medicine. 他坚持说他没有病，但医生却坚持要他服药。
8. “愿望”类虚拟语气
这类虚拟语气主要指动词wish和固定搭配if only后所接从句使用的虚拟语气，但不包括动词hope在内。此类虚拟语气的结构特点如下：
从句所涉及时间 从句谓语形式
从句内容涉及现在情况 一般过去时 / 过去进行式
从句内容涉及过去情况 过去完成时 / would (could)+have +过去分词
从句内容涉及将来情况 would (could, might)＋动词原形
I wish I could swim. 我要是会游泳就好了。
I wish I had been here yesterday. 我真希望我昨天在这里。
I wish he could come tomorrow. 我希望他明天能来。
I wish you would come if you had time. 你如有时间的话，我希望你来。
If only I knew her name! 我要是知道她的名字就好了!
If only you had let me know earlier. 要是你早点让我知道就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
9. “似乎”类虚拟语气
这类虚拟语气主要指由表示“好像”和“似乎”的as if以及as though引出的虚拟语气句子。既然是“好像”怎么样，或者是“似乎”怎么样，所以它描述的内容就不大可能是事实，或者说可能是非真实的，所以它的谓语通常要用虚拟语气，其结构形式与wish后从句的谓语形式差不多。如：
I’ve loved you as if you were my son. 我爱你就像我的儿子。
He talks as if he had a potato in his mouth. 他讲起话来仿佛嘴里含了一个土豆似的。
She looked as if she had seen a ghost. 她看起来好像刚才遇见了鬼似的。
根据各句的句意可知，“你”显然不是“我”的儿子，所以第一句中as if从句的内容是非真实的，故用虚拟语气；“他”说话的时候嘴里肯定没有含一个土豆，所以第二句中as if从句的内容也是非真实的，故也用虚拟语气；大家知道“鬼”是不存在的，所以她好像见到鬼的内容也是不真实的，所以第三句的as if从句也用虚拟语气。
但是，如果说话者认为as if或as though从句所表示的内容是真实的，或者说是有可能成为事实的，那么也可以使用陈述语气。如：
We’ve missed the bus. It looks as if we’ll have to walk. 我们错过了公共汽车，看来我们得走路了。
10. “时候”类虚拟语气
这类虚拟语气主要是指It’s time…（是做某事的时候了）后接从句时所使用的谓语形式--不管是针对现在还是将来的情况，一律使用一般过去时。如：
It’s time we ordered dinner. 现在该叫菜了。
It’s time you washed those trousers. 你该洗洗那条裤子了。
I’m getting tired. It’s time we went home. 我累了，我们该回家了。
另外，有时还可在名词time前加上修饰语high表示强调。如：
It’s high time you bought a new car. 你早该买辆新车了。
有一点值得注意，就是动词be在这类虚拟语气中的用法与其他的虚拟语气结构不同，前面我们讲到动词be在虚拟语气句式中通常在该用was的时候而用were，但是it’s time后的从句中，该用was的时候不能用were来代替。如：
大家都该上床睡觉了。
误：It’s time everyone were in bed. 正：It’s time everyone was in bed.
11. “若不是”类虚拟语气
英语中有三个表示“若不是”“要不是”的固定表达，它们总是用于引出虚拟条件，句子谓语总是用虚拟语气。这三个固定表达是but for, if it were not for, if it had not been for。如：
The car broke down. But for that we would have been in time. 汽车出毛病了。要不是那个我们会及时赶到的。
If it weren’t for your help, I would still be homeless. 若非你的帮助，我仍会无家可归。
If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I wouldn’t have recovered so soon. 要不是医生的照顾，我不会痊愈得这么快。注：介词without有时也可表示虚拟条件，意为“若不是”“要不是”，与but for用法相同。如：
Without [=But for] your help, I would have failed. 要不是有你的帮助，我就会失败了。
但是，without也可以不表示条件，只表示“没有”的意思。如：
Without a word he left the room. 没有说一句话他离开了房间。
【有关考题】（答案分别为BD）
(1) But for the help of my English teacher, I ________ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (福建卷)
A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won
(2) But for their help, we ________ the program in time. (2009安徽卷)
A. can not finish B. will not finish
C. had not finished D. could not have finished
篇10：英语as as用法总结
若有修饰成分，如twice，three times，half，a quaer等，必须置于第一个as之前。
as…as结构的另一变体形式是“as+形容词原级+名词词组+as”。
当as…as与表示重量、数量、时间、距离、价格等的计量名词连用时。往往并不表示比较。而是构成一个形容词组，意为“重达……，多达……，高达……”等。
“as+原级+as any(或ever)”、“as+原级+as…can be”、“nothing(或no)+so+原级+as…”等结构表达的是最高级意义。即在某种程度上或某方面达到极限或最大限度。
篇11：英语it 用法总结
1、人称代词IT
IT一般指物不指人,但可指小孩、婴儿和团体等.IT用于成人,有轻蔑的含义.
For example: Would you like to marry Malcom? Fancy being owned by that! Fancy seeing it every day!
2、指示代词IT
作为指示代词时,IT可以指人.
For example: Who is it?(是谁呀?)
3、非人称代词IT
(1)指时间
For example: I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought.
(2)指距离
For example:
How far is it from your office to the bank?
It was a long journey to that part of the country.
(3)指天气等自然现象
For example:
Now it is clearing up, and a sparrow is beginning to chirp.
It’s damp and cold. I thingk it’s going to rain.
4、IT用于前指或后指
(1)前指
For example:
---They lost the game.
---Yes, so I hear. Isn’t it a shame?
(2)\x09后指
For example:
It’s seems so full of comfort and of strength, the night.
Though no one knew it, it was the last time he would be present at the bank.
注：代词it指代if或when等引导的状语从句时,既可前指,也可后指.
5、非确指的IT
有时,it所指代的是什么,要看上下文来确定.这种IT即所谓的非确指的it(Unspecified it).
For example:
1.How’s it going with you? (你近况如何?)
2.Does it itch much? (很痒痒吗?)
3.Where does it hurt? (哪儿痛?)
4.Now you are in for it. (你现在可倒霉了!)
5.It says in the Bible: Thou shalt not steal. (圣经上说:不许偷窃.)
6.Hand it all, we can’t wait all day for him. (见鬼!我们不能整天等他呀.)
7.We had a nice time of it. (我们玩得很好.)
8.There is nothing else for it but to stand. (没有办法,只好忍受.)
9.You never had it so good. (日子过得从来没有这样好.)
10.Take it easy. (不要紧张.)
篇12：英语it 用法总结
6、IT在习惯用语中
一些含有IT的习惯用语需要牢记,以下是一般对方都熟知的,无须要明确指出来.
For example:
1.Cab it (乘车)
2.brave it out (拼命干到底)
3.walk it (步行)
4.go it alone (单枪匹马地干)
5.beat it (走,滚)
6.make it (办成功)
7.come it (尽自己之分内事情)
8.come it strong (做得过分)
9.lord it over (欺压)
10.take it (猜想,以为,断定;[口][常与 can, be able to 连用]忍受得住(痛苦、批评、困难, 嘲笑等))
11.take it out of somebody (拿某人出气)
12.have it out with somebody (与某人讲个明白)
13.be hard put to it (在艰难之中)
14.Is that it? (你就要我做这些吗?= Is that all you wanted me for? )
15.You’re it. (你是下一个)
7、引词IT
(1)IT用做引词
A.形式主语
a.真实主语为不定式
For example:
It was his duty to attend to the matter. (处理那事是他的责任)
It was not within my power to answer the question. (我无能力回答这个问题)
b.真实主语为不定式复合结构
For example:
It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living. (懒汉谋生是日益困难了)
What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? (何时我再给你打电话最合适?)
It’s very good of you to have listened to me. (感谢你,能听我讲.)
It’s very thoughtful and kind of you to offer me this lovely holiday. (您能给我这么美好的假日实在是想得太周到和太友善了)
c.真实主语为动名词
For example:
It’s no use saying any more about what I think. (我如何想的再说也没有用了.)
Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me? (你认为与我吵架值得吗?)
d.真实主语为动名词复合结构
For example:
It has been a great honor your coming to visit me. (你的来访是我很大的荣幸.)
It would have been so bad her overhearing. (她如果偷听到那就糟糕了.)
I’m afraid it vexes her my having brought Roly.(我恐怕我带罗力来使她生气了)
e.真实主语为主语从句
For example:
It seems that he is rich.. (看起来他很富有.)
It doesn’t matter what you do.(你干什么都没有关系)
It was clear enough what she meant.(她的意思十分清楚)
He was an old man, and it did not matter much where he lived.(他年事已高,在哪儿居住都无所谓)
It’ a pity he doesn’t swim. (他不会游泳,真遗憾)
B.形式宾语
a.真实宾语为不定时
For example:
I find it easy enough to get on with Pam.. (我觉得与帕姆相处很容易.)
I would think it worth while to go.(我认为去是值得的.)
He thought it best to be on his guard. (他认为他最好还是要警惕.)
He made it a rule to speak in Parliament at least once every session. (他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发言一次.)
He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Otis. (他觉得把事实告诉奥蒂斯先生是他的职责)
b.真实主语为动名词
For example:
You must find it exciting working here.. (你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的.)
I think it very unwise going on as we are without definite agreement.(我认为我们没有明确的协议就进行是不明智的.)
He find it a great privation not being allowed to smoke there. (他觉得在那里不能吸烟对他是一大痛苦.)
注：以上例句皆可不用形式宾语,可改写为：
You must find working here exciting.
I think going on as we are without definite agreement very unwise.
He found not being allowed to smoke there a great privation.
c.真实宾语为宾语从句
For example:
I think it best that you should stay here. (我认为你最好留在这里.)
I used to feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to toil so endlessly. (我曾老觉得母亲不得不无休止地操劳是一件可怕的事情.)
I take it you have been out. (我想你出去过了.)
I took it for granted that you would stay with us. (我认为你当然会留在我们这里的.)
I have it on my conscience that I offended you. (我心里老嘀咕着我得罪了你)
They kept it quiet that he was dead. (对于他的死他们没有透露一丝口风.)
(2)引词IT用于强调结构中
①英语中常用的强调结构是：“It is (was)+被强调的部分(主语、宾语或状语)+ who(that)…”.一般说来,被强调部分指人时用who,指物时用that(但that亦可指人).注意：强调结构在强调状语时,只可用that从句,不可用which.
For example: John wore his best suit to the dance last night.(约翰昨晚他穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会)
It was John who (that) wore his best suit to the dance last night.
It was his best suit (that) John wore to the dance last night.
It was last night (that) John wore his best suit to the dance.
It was to the dance that John wore his best suit last night.
②强调结构也可强调短语和从句(包括because,only when,who,whom,whose,that,which等引导的从句).
For example:
I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here.(我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的)
It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. (我昨天是由于想买一本字典而进城的.)
It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully conscious of how much you value them(只有你差一点失去某一个人时,你才会充分意识到你是多么珍视他们.)
It must be your mother who (whom, that) you are thinking of.(你在想的一定是你的母亲.)
It was your brother to whom I offered a dollar for his knife yesterday.(我昨天给了你兄弟1元钱买他的小刀.)
It is Uncle Bill whose address I lost.(比尔叔叔的地址我丢了.)
It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.(应该注意, 特别是行为动词常用在主动语态中.)
③表语与宾语补语偶尔也可为被强调的部分.但通常情况下,表语一般不可用作被强调的部分.
For example:
It was a doctor that he eventually became.(他最后成了一个医生)
It’s dark green that we’ve painted the kitchen.(我们把厨房漆成了深绿色)
④强调结构的时态一般应该一致.但也有例外的例子.
For example:
It is not I who am angry.(发怒的不是我.)
I was my two sisters who knew her best(是我的两个姐妹最了解他.)
I will not be you who will have to take the blame for this.(对此受责难的将不是你.)
For exceptional example:
It is Miss Williams who enjoyed reading novels as a pastime. (是威廉姆斯小姐以读小说来消遣.)
It is these very novels that Miss Williams enjoyed reading as a pastime.(威廉姆斯小姐作为消遣所读的小说就是这些.)
⑤强调结构不但可以用于独立句中,也可以用在从句之中.
For example:
It deserves attention that it is especially the verb to do which is often found in the active voice.(应该注意, 特别是行为动词常用在主动语态中.)
I suspected it was on her orders that you were bringing him here.(我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的)
He told me that it was liberation that brought about a complete change in his life. (他告诉我是解放才使他的生活有了翻天覆地的变化.)
⑥强调结构中的that 与who在非正式文体中可以省略.有时还可以省去句首的It is (was).
For example:
I suspected it was on her orders you were bringing him here.(我怀疑你是遵照她的吩咐要把他带到这儿来的)
A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! (彼得爵士,你学得是一种很好而诚实的一行啊!)
⑦强调结构中的被强调部分有时可放在句首.
For example:
Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him.(就在这时,他的生命完结了,他所逃脱不了的命运降临了.)
⑧It is(was)之后可有一个以上的被强调部分.
For example:
It was she who was lying in the corridor and the stranger who bent over her. “Did I faint?” she asked.(是她躺在过道上,是那个陌生人在俯视她.“我晕倒了吗?”她问道.)
篇13：英语语法学习：虚拟语气的基本用法
1.虚拟语气的使用范围：
虚拟语气，表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该英语语法主要用在if 条件状语从句中，也可以用在主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。
2.虚拟语气的判断：
(1)if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可实现的句子称为真实条件句，反之称为非真实条件句，则需使用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：
1) 与过去事实相反的假设。其结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如：
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we couldhave playedtennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。
2) 与现在事实相反的假设。其结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：
If I were in yourposition, I would marryher. 如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。
3) 与将来事实相反的假设。其结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”，主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如：
If you should miss thechance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。
总结，主句should (would, could, might)分别加have + 过去分词、动词原形、动词原形，从句分别为had + 过去分词、系动词用were、should (were to) + 动词原形。
(2)宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。
A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如：
I wish they were not solate. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。
B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如：
I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。
(2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct,agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request,suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如：
I insisted that he (should) gowith us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。
注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：
He insisted that shewas honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。
(3)主语从句中的虚拟语气。
1) It be + 形容词 + that...(should)...。用于该句型的形容词有：necessary,good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange,surprising等。例如：
It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。
2) It be + 过去分词 + that...(should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如： desired, suggested, requested,ordered, proposed等。例如：
It is desired that thebuilding of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。
3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。例如：
It is high time I wenthome now. = It is high time I should go home. 我该回家了。
(4) 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为：should + 动词原形，连接从句的that不能省略。例如：
My suggestion is thatwe should go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。
4. 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。这时，如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如：
If she had been here five minutes earliershe would have seen her old friend. → Had shebeen here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。
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公众号：英语语法学习
篇14：英语with的用法总结
例句：
Gill chortled with delight.
吉尔高兴得哈哈大笑。
Roberta sighed with relief.
罗伯塔松了口气。
Ellen pealed with laughter.
埃伦忽然大笑起来。
篇15：英语by的用法总结
by的用法归纳
一、by+地点名词。表方位，意为：“在…旁边”。
例句：
Our teacher was sitting by the window.
我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。
二、by+时间名词。意为：“到…时(已发生某事)，此时谓语多用完成时;最晚、不迟于…，在…之前”。
例句：
I shall be back by 5 o’clock.
我最迟五点回来。
三、by+v.-ing结构。意为“通过……，以……的方式”。
例句：
Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.
身体是靠锻炼强壮的，同样，大脑是靠学习开发的'。
四、by+人称代词宾格，意为“经过”。
例句：
He walked by me without saying a word.
他走过我的身旁，没有说话。
五、by+人，意为“被;由”。
例句：
The movie is loved by people all over Asia.
那个电影被全亚洲人喜爱。
六、by+地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径，意为：“通过(某物、某地)，取道…”。
例句：
The man entered the room by the back door.
那人通过后门进入了房间。
七、by的常用短语
Study by heart 用心学
little by little 渐渐地
one by one 逐一
by chance 碰巧，偶然
by the river 在河边
by mistake 错误地
by nature 天生的
by oneself 亲自
篇16：of的用法总结of的英语用法总结
1、(表示时间)在…的`,在…之前; 在…期间
What do you do of a Saturday?星期六你干什么?
2、(表示方式)根据
She did it of her own will.她是自愿这么做的。
3、(表示对象)对于,就…而言
He felt quite certain of success.他对成功很有把握。
4、(表示原因)由于,因为
I was sick of their fun and games.他们的嬉闹让我厌烦。
5、(表示方位)在; 位于
New York is east of Washington.纽约在华盛顿以东。
6、(表示范围)在…之中
Tom is the eldest of the family.汤姆是家里年龄最大的。
7、(表示结果)在…方面
The place is easy of access.这地方容易进入。
8、(表示目的)用于…的
This is a house of prayer.这是一座教堂。